硕士assignment：供应链中的太阳能energy and natural

1.1 Environmental impact and sustainability of solar energy vehicle太阳能汽车的环境影响与可持续性   自激光世纪以来，特斯拉汽车公司投入大量资源进行了电力存储（EPS）应用研究。结果表明，太阳能汽车成为未来汽车的发展趋势。太阳能汽车节能环保。太阳能汽车发展迅速，已成为新能源汽车的主力军。太阳能汽车在运行中可以实现零污染、零有害气体排放和零大气污染。近年来，特斯拉汽车公司发展迅速。对特斯拉汽车公司供应链的研究将提高太阳能汽车行业供应链的稳定性，有助于消除供应链的不确定性因素，确保太阳能汽车行业的快速发展和持续改进。 Since lase century, Tesla Motors invested a lot of resources for Electric Power Storage (EPS) application research. It turns out that solar energy vehicles become the future development trend of vehicles. solar energy vehicles are energy-saving and environment friendly. Solar energy vehicle has developed rapidly, which has already became the main force of new energy vehicles. Solar energy vehicles can achieve zero pollution in operation, zero emission of harmful gas and zero atmospheric pollution. Tesla Motors are developing rapidly in recent years. The research on supply chain of Tesla Motors will improve the stability of supply chain of solar energy vehicles industry, help to eliminate uncertain factors of the supply chain, and ensure the the rapid development and continuous improvement of the industry of solar energy vehicles.    1.2 Advantages and disadvantages优缺点   太阳能汽车供应链开发时间短，供应链脆弱性高。太阳能汽车涉及多种零部件，尤其是太阳能汽车的电机和电池，对稀土、硅钢等原材料的需求，对供应商的技术要求更高。而由于各种组件的复杂性，许多供应商需要进行集成，产品的生产和管理也需要规范化，这对企业的供应链集成提出了挑战。由于没有建立完善的管理机制，供应链各环节失效率较高，供应链的脆弱性也相应增加。 The exploration time of solar energy vehicles supply chain is short, and the supply chain has high vulnerability. solar energy vehicles involve a wide variety of components, especially the motors and batteries of solar energy vehicles, which require raw materials such as rare earth, silicon steel, etc., which imposes higher requirements for the technology of suppliers. And because of the complexity of all kinds of components, many suppliers need to be integrated, and there is the need to standardize the production and management of products, which challenges the supply chain integration of enterprises . Because the perfect management mechanism has not been established, the failure rate of each link in the supply chain is high, and the vulnerability of the supply chain is also increased accordingly. Supply chain terminal demand is difficult to predict. The solar energy automobile industry can not accurately predict consumer demands. Because consumer demand is related to its own demand for solar energy vehicles on one hand, and government policies and enterprise after-sales services on the other (such as charging piles, etc.). The solar energy vehicle is the emerging market in recent years, the consumer's purchase tendency is easy to be influenced by public opinion or other factors, and consumers in different regions are likely to show very different consumer intentions for the same product. Taking Tesla as an example, its sales in the United States and Europe are better. When it entered the Chinese market for the first time, investors predicted that its sales in China would increase accordingly, but in fact, after experiencing a wave of consumption after entering the Chinese market, Tesla's buyers have been reduced largely, which has led to a huge inventory problem that Tesla enterprises are unable to digest . The result is related to the fact that most potential consumers in China consider after-sales issues such as charging piles, as well as national conditions.  Its dependence on technology is high. Once a technical link failure occurs, the supply chain management can not continue. The motor, battery and other equipment of the solar energy vehicle are the core parts. How to improve the stability of the motor system and the storage capacity of the storage battery, the technology plays a vital role. Once the technical link has a problem, it may lead to two results. One is that the technical fault has not been found through an effective way, the technical problem leads to the continuous failure of subsequent production, the rate of waste products increases rapidly, and the raw material is wasted in large quantities; the other is that the technical fault is found in time through an effective way, and the improvement of technology may affect the timely production of orders and timely delivery of products. The best solution to the technical risk is to debug the equipment several times before taking the product order and to conduct a small trial production, in order to ensure that the supply chain runs reasonably.    1.3 Challenges and Improving   In the field of solar energy vehicles, retailers and final customers play an important role in the whole supply chain because the manufacturer needs to adjust their output according to the needs of consumers. However, solar energy vehicles are still in their infancy, and the quality of the product can directly determine whether consumers choose to buy the product, so the role of suppliers and manufacturers will be more important. While in the traditional automobile supply chain, the demand can be predicted. Because the market competition is fierce, the upstream suppliers and manufacturers are badly homogenized, it is more important to establish the consumption stickiness with the final customers and retailers at this time.  The production capacity of the solar energy vehicle enterprises can not completely match the market demand. Once the forecast of demand is wrong, it will easily lead to excessive inventory or insufficient output, which makes the supply chain face rather great risks. In order to reduce the supply chain risk, the main trend is order-oriented production. Even so, it is still possible to face the risk of consumers canceling orders for various reasons, such as product quality uncertainty, and thus the supply chain risk is rather great.